I.新建用户(test):
购买vps时只有root一个用户,ubuntu上习惯用普通用户:
1、输入用户管理的命令,新建用户(以test为例):
useradd test
修改 test 用户的密码:
passwd test
2、将新用户添加到管理组:
gpasswd -a test admin
3、给 test 用户创建自己的目录:
cd /home mkdir test chown test /home/test
4、添加sudoer权限:
vim /etc/sudoers文件。找到这一 行:”root ALL=(ALL) ALL”在起下面添加”xxx ALL=(ALL) ALL”(这里的xxx是你的用户名),保存退出.
5、指定shell:
vim /etc/passwd,找到相应的用户,指定shell路径:/bin/bash
II.OPENVPN:
1、安装:
sudo apt-get installl openvpn
2、准备和安装:
sudo cp -r /usr/share/doc/openvpn/examples/easy-rsa/2.0/ /etc/openvpn/ cd /etc/openvpn/2.0/ sudo vim vars su (切换到root,用普通用户老出错) source vars ./clean-all ./build-ca ./build-key-server server ./build-key client1 ./build-dh
3、配置:
sudo cp /usr/share/doc/openvpn/examples/sample-config-files/server.conf.gz /etc/openvpn cd /etc/openvpn sudo gzip -d server.conf.gz sudo vim server.conf
4、配置nat转发:
sudo bash sudo echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.8.0.0/24 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE iptables-save > /etc/iptables.up.rules sudo vim /etc/network/interfaces 最后添加: pre-up iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.up.rules
If you made a mistake and want to remove all rules from IPTables:
sudo iptables -F -t nat
III. Apache:
1、安装:
下载源码包,解压。
cd httpd-xxx sudo ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2 –-enable-mem-cache –-enable-vhost-alias --enable-cache -with-ssl --enable-ssl --enable-so --enable-rewrite --enable-mime-magic sudo make sudo make install
IV. Mysql:
sudo apt-get install cmake libncurses5-dev build-essential g++ sysv-rc-conf (centos6 : yum install bison gcc gcc-c++ autoconf automake zlib* libxml* ncurses-devel libtool-ltdl-devel*) sudo cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysqld.sock sudo make sudo make install cd /usr/local/mysql sudo chown -R mysql . sudo chgrp -R mysql . sudo ./mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --no-defaults sudo cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf sudo vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf 在[mysqld]下添加: basedir=/usr/local/mysql datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data user=mysql sudo /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start
(如果能启动成功,则说明配置成功)
配置开机启动:
cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql sudo sysv-rc-conf
找到【mysql】一栏,选定【3】【4】【5】这三列
PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !
To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h veapon.com password 'new-password'
V. PHP:
sudo apt-get install -y libltdl-dev libssl-dev sendmail libjpeg8 libjpeg8-dev libpng12-0 libpng12-dev libxml2-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev libmcrypt-dev sudo ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpng* /usr/lib/ cd php-xxx sudo ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-curl --with-mcrypt --enable-mbstring --enable-pdo --with-openssl --with-imap-ssl --with-gd --with-jpeg-dir=/usr/lib/ --with-png-dir=/usr/lib/ --enable-exif --enable-zip --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql sudo make sudo make install sudo cp php.ini-development /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini sudo vim /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf
适当位置加入:
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
安装mysqli扩展
sudo apt-get install autoconf cd /path/to/php-source/ext/mysqli sudo /usr/local/php/bin/phpize sudo ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php/include/php/ext/mysqli --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config sudo vim /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
加入:
extension=/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/mysqli.so
VI. subversion:
sudo apt-get install subversion subversion-tools sudo mkdir /var/svn/test sudo svnadmin create /var/svn
修改配置:
sudo vim /var/svn/test/conf/svnserver.conf #匿名访问的权限,可以是read,write,none,默认为read anon-access = none #认证用户的权限,可以是read,write,none,默认为write auth-access = write #账号数据库 password-db = passwd
添加账号:
sudo vim /var/svn/test/conf/passwd #格式:用户名 = 密码 user = passwd
修改权限:
chmod -R 755 /var/svn/test
VII. Memcache:
1.安装libevent:
sudo wget https://github.com/downloads/libevent/libevent/libevent-2.0.17-stable.tar.gz sudo tar -zvxf libevent-2.0.17-stable.tar.gz cd libevent-xxx sudo ./configure sudo make && sudo make install sudo ln -s /usr/local/lib/libevent-2.0.so.5 /usr/lib
2.memcached服务端:
sudo wget http://memcached.googlecode.com/files/memcached-x.xx.x.tar.gz sudo mkdir /usr/local/memcached sudo tar -zvxf memcached-xxx.tar.gz cd memcached-xxx sudo ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/memcached sudo make && sudo make install /usr/local/memcached/bin/memcached -h
3.php memcache扩展
sudo wget http://pecl.php.net/get/memcache-2.2.6.tgz sudo tar -zvxf memcache-x.x.x.tgz cd memcache-1.5 sudo /usr/local/php/bin/phpize sudo ./configure --enable-memcache --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config --with-zlib-dir sudo make sudo make install sudo vim /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
加入:
extension=/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-zts-20090626/memcache.so sudo /usr/local/apahce2/bin/apachectl -k restart